7 Types of Socks + Sock Lengths and Fabrics Explained

This article is all about different types of socks and sock lengths, including when to wear each type and recommended brands.

Crew socks, over-the-calf socks, no-show socks, ankle-length socks, cotton, wool, synthetic, and silk. Light cushion, heavy cushion, no cushion…

There are many, many different types of socks to choose from. How do you know which socks to buy? How can you be sure that you’re wearing the right socks with different types of shoes and pants? What’s the best sock length for you?

These are the kinds of questions that make me lose sleep at night. So, I wrote the most comprehensive, in-depth article on the internet about sock types.

If you also have questions about socks, you’re in the right place.

This guide will teach you how to choose the perfect socks for any situation. Whether you’re a jet-setting business bro or a broke college student with a budding interest in the goth ninja aesthetic (#streetwear), I’ve got you covered.

But we can’t talk about types of socks without talking about sock length. In fact, these two concepts are almost synonymous.

Sock Lengths Explained

Many people conflate sock type and sock length, which is confusing because length ≠ type.

Type is more about material and purpose. Is it a cotton crew sock, a wool dress sock, a casual sock, or an ankle-length hiking sock?

The length of a sock is just one important aspect to consider, but there’s more to socks than just their height. Even though there’s more to socks than their length, it is very important, so it’s what we’ll focus on right now.

There’s no standard naming convention for sock lengths, so you’ll see different terms used to describe the same thing. During my research, I couldn’t help but think that people are overcomplicating this. So, let’s keep it simple.

Here are all the different sock lengths in order from shortest to tallest:

#1: Cloth Insoles

These aren’t technically “socks” per se, but they create a barrier between your foot and your shoe, so I’m including them here.

While these are insoles, I’m not talking about comfort insoles like those squishy blue Dr. Scholl’s inserts you get at Walgreens. I’m talking about soft cloth inserts that act as soft, moisture-absorbing layers between your skin and the shoe’s insole.

These are like socks in that they’re made from natural fibers (or natural-synthetic blends) and need to be washed between wears.

For what it’s worth, I’ve found no-show socks to be more practical, as these inserts tend to slip around or bunch up as I walk. But this will vary depending on the shape of your feet, and some people swear by cloth insoles.

#2: Liner Socks

Another option is the loafer liner, which is like an ultra-low cut no-show sock. These socks are meant to be worn with low-cut shoes, such as driving mocs, boat shoes, and loafers.

If you hate how some “invisible” socks are actually visible above your shoes’ collars, you’ll love liner socks. The downside to these is that they may slip off of your feet more than higher-cut no-show socks (for that reason, be sure to only buy the best).

#3: No Show Socks

These are also called loafer or low-profile socks, but most people refer to them as no-show socks. Unlike crew socks and over-the-calf socks, no-show socks are designed to be invisible. You can wear them with low-top shoes like sneakers, loafers, moccasins, and boat shoes.

No-show socks are perfect for summertime, especially if you like wearing shorts. They’re also great to wear with cropped or cuffed trousers and chinos during the warmer months. Granted, the “ankle cleavage” look isn’t for everyone. Some guys hate this look and think it’s just a trend. But I really like showing some ankle by rocking the “sockless” look, especially with low-top sneakers and driving mocs.

I think this is a timeless look that’s not going anywhere anytime soon, and it feels fantastic to let your ankles breathe during those sweltering summer months.

I don’t think the sockless look works with formal outfits unless you’re at a casual summer event.

For example, over-the-calf socks are the obvious choice if you’re wearing a navy suit with double monks. No-show socks look a bit off (in my opinion). But if you’re wearing a tan linen suit with brown suede loafers to a summer wedding, by all means, opt for no-show socks.

#4: Men’s Ankle Socks

Ankle socks are longer than no-show socks but shorter than crew socks. They end right at, you guessed it, your ankles, and they’re not meant to be invisible.

I believe that you should reserve ankle socks for utilitarian purposes like running, hiking or playing sports. For example, I wear Stance ankle-length running socks whenever I go for a jog. These are the perfect height for running shoes or really any kind of workout sneakers.

But in any other situation, these wouldn’t make sense. I can’t think of a non-active scenario in which a different type of sock wouldn’t be a better choice.

For example, I wear Stance ankle length running socks whenever I go for a jog. These are the perfect height for running shoes  or really any kind of work out sneaker.

But in any other situation, these wouldn’t make sense. I can’t think of a non-active scenario in which a different type of sock wouldn’t be a better choice.

However, ankle socks with low-top sneakers is never a good look. Go with no-show socks instead! If you’re wearing them with pants, the length isn’t as important, but I’d still opt for invisible socks or taller socks (crew length or over the calf).

#5: Short Crew / Quarter Length Socks

These are also called micro crew socks or mini crew socks. I’ve even seen them called quarter crew socks, as some brands sell crew socks in various lengths.

The point is that these are longer than ankle socks but shorter than standard crew socks. This means they’re about 6″ tall and end above the ankle and below mid-calf.

These can be great when you’re wearing mid- or high-top shoes and want to prevent chafing around your ankles. For example, I wear quarter-length wool socks when hiking, even in the summertime.

This has the added benefit of protecting your ankles from sharp plants and bug bites.

You can wear quarter-length socks with pants too, and they’re a nice alternative to crew-length or over-the-calf socks when it’s hot out.

But if you like to wear your pants with no break (the “cropped” look), quarter-length socks might not provide enough coverage when you sit down and your pants ride up your legs.

For me, quarter-length socks are like ankle socks. They’re functional but not necessarily stylish (in most situations).

#6: Crew Socks

These are probably the most popular socks in most guys’ drawers and most department stores’ underwear sections.

Crew socks go up past your ankles and hit right around mid-to-upper calf. They’re longer than loafer or ankle socks, but they don’t go up to your knees like over-the-calf socks.

Most crew-length socks are made from 100% cotton, although cotton-polyester blends and other synthetic materials are increasingly popular. You can also find crew socks made from wool or even silk.

Materials like extra fine wool and silk are reserved for dressier socks, and crew-length socks aren’t usually very dressy (compared to taller socks). However, thick wool crew socks are an excellent choice for wearing with boots during fall and winter.

A one-size-fits-all crew sock will work fine if you have an “average”-sized foot (between 8 and 12 in U.S. men’s shoes). If your feet are larger or smaller than average, I recommend looking for crew socks that come in different sizes.

For example, I wear a size 7 (U.S. men’s) in most shoes, so I usually look for crew socks that come in smaller sizes.

If your socks are too big, they’ll fall down your calf throughout the day, which gets really annoying. If they’re too small, they may restrict circulation. So, when in doubt, look for socks that fit your feet rather than settling for one-size-fits-all.

#7: Over the Calf Socks (Knee High Socks)

Knee-high socks or over-the-calf socks (OTC) are typically “dressier” than crew-length socks. Consequently, they’re often made from higher-end fabrics like wool or silk (or some sort of blend). Of course, there are plenty of cotton and synthetic over-the-calf socks out there, too.

Compared to crew-length socks, the major advantage of OTC socks is that they don’t fall down your calf over time. They hit just below your knee, and your calf’s round, tapered shape prevents these socks from sagging with every step.

When shopping for over-the-calf socks, consider what kind of shoes and outfits you’ll wear them with.

If you plan on wearing them with Oxfords and suits in the summertime, you’ll want thin, breathable OTC socks made from fine, dressy material (like lightweight wool, cotton, or silk).

If you’re going to wear them with boots in the winter, go with thicker wool for extra warmth.

Men’s Over the Knee Socks

There are also men’s over-the-knee socks, but I honestly can’t think of a use for them. I’d avoid these. Over-the-calf socks are long enough to stay up with ease, so I’m not sure what over-the-knee socks are for. 

However, someone must be buying them. Leave a comment if you want to make a case for these super-long socks. 

Cushion vs. No Cushion

Sometimes, you need a little extra support between your foot and your shoe. Or maybe your shoes are just a tiny bit too loose, and you want to add some extra padding.

In this case, look for socks with cushion through the heel and ball of your foot. Many manufacturers make socks with different levels of cushion, everything from no cushion to heavy cushion. 

I actually prefer thicker socks during fall and winter when I’m wearing boots. I find that the extra warmth and padding are simply more comfortable. My go-to pair for boots is from Smartwool.

I’ve found their medium cushion wool socks to be some of the most comfortable and durable cold-weather socks on the market.

Darn Tough also makes great socks with plenty of cushion that are perfect for cold weather and wearing with boots (especially if they don’t fit snugly enough).

A Quick Overview of Sock Fabrics

Along with the ubiquitous 100% cotton socks, you’ll see many fabric blends these days (e.g., cotton-polyester or wool-cashmere). Not to mention, more and more fabric manufacturers and clothing brands are making their own performance fabrics. These are usually natural-synthetic blends or even 100% synthetic.

So be sure to check the actual material composition of any socks you’re buying on the product packaging or online product page. Here’s a quick overview of the different types of fabrics used to make socks, along with their properties:

Cotton

• Strong but soft
• Retains heat
• Stretches easily

Cotton is often blended with synthetic fibers for better performance and durability. 100% cotton socks are good for casual wear or dressy outfits, but don’t rely on them for performance wear (like working out).

Wool

• Wrinkle resistant
• Stretchy but durable (holds shape)
• Absorbs moisture and odor

Wool is nature’s performance fabric. It’s an amazing natural fiber that can absorb moisture and odor, keep you cool or warm, and hold its shape after many washes. For these reasons, wool socks are ideal for hiking. 

They’re especially great if if you want to pack light. You can wear the same socks multiple times without washing — just let them dry and air out.

Bamboo Rayon

• Breathable and silky
• Hypoallergenic and antimicrobial
• More durable than cotton

Bamboo is one of the fastest-growing plants on earth, and its fibers are becoming an extremely popular material for apparel, including socks.

But did you know that “bamboo socks” aren’t made from 100% bamboo? They’re actually made from rayon, a “manufactured fiber made from regenerated cellulose fiber” (according to Wikipedia). Doesn’t quite have the same ring to it as bamboo socks, does it?

The point is, rayon can be made with other sources of cellulose. Still, bamboo is an increasingly popular option due to its soft, durable feel and its hypoallergenic and antimicrobial properties.

Modal

• Strong and stable
• Soft like cotton
• Durable

Modal, especially Micro-Modal, is a type of rayon—usually derived from beech trees—that’s just as soft (or softer) than cotton but outperforms cotton in many ways. Modal is more resistant to shrinking in the washer/dryer and has built-in moisture-wicking properties.

Micro-Modal is an excellent, luxurious material for underwear, undershirts, and, of course, socks. I especially love Modal no-show socks.

Silk

• Strong natural fiber
• Light and elastic
• Sweat sensitive

Silk is a luxurious natural fiber that can be very comfortable against your skin. However, avoid it at all costs in the heat (or if your feet tend to sweat). The vast majority of people will never (and probably should never) wear 100% silk socks. They just don’t make sense compared to other materials.

That said, they’re the gold standard for black tie. 

Alpaca

• Lightweight and soft
• Water-resistant
• Extremely insulating

Alpaca wool is like sheep wool on steroids. Soft and lightweight like cashmere, alpaca wool is naturally water-resistant and wrinkle-resistant. It’s also great for cold weather, as alpaca wool is actually warmer than, say, Merino wool.

This stuff is expensive, but many people swear by it. I personally own one pair of alpaca socks that are perfect for winter (with boots) and have lasted for several years.

Cashmere

• Luxuriously soft
• Lightweight
• Naturally insulating

If wool had a handsome, rich older brother who only flies first class and hasn’t bought his own groceries in years, his name would be Cashmere. Made from soft Cashmere goat hair, this luxurious material is super soft, lightweight, and insulating.

Cashmere is perfect for crew-length or over-the-calf men’s dress socks during the cooler season or when you want to spoil your toes a bit.

Polyester

• Retains dye
• Dries Quickly
• Not breathable

Polyester is a petroleum-based synthetic fiber that’s often blended with natural fibers like cotton in order to harness its specific properties in smaller concentrations. For example, a little bit of polyester will help keep your colorful socks vibrant for a long time and help them dry more quickly (compared to 100% cotton).

But you probably wouldn’t want to wear 100% polyester socks. They aren’t breathable or as comfy as most of the other materials available these days.

Choose Your Socks Depending on the Scenario

In any situation, there’s going to be a combination of length, material, and cushioning that works best. 

For example, if you’re going skiing, you probably want to wear cushioned wool crew socks. Or, if you’re wearing boat shoes to a backyard barbecue, you probably want to wear cotton no-show socks (or maybe even no socks at all).

And, if you’re going to a job interview in a suit and tie, fine cotton over-the-calf socks with no cushioning are your best choice.

Regardless, choosing the best socks is somewhat subjective. For example, some people will want more ankle support when hiking and some prefer more cushion when working out. 

Here are a few excellent options for common scenarios:

Hiking — Merino Wool Lightweight Hiking Quarter Socks

Summer (with loafers/sneakers) — Falke Invisible Step (Premium), Thirty48 No Shows (affordable)

Winter (with boots) — Darn Tough Hiker Boot Socks

With dress shoes — Boardroom Over-the-Calf Socks (premium), Gold Toe Metropolitan 3-Pack (affordable)

Running — Asics Quick Lyte Cushion Single Tab

Shoveling snow — Warrior Alpaca Socks

Those are some great options, including many of my personal favorite sock brands, but keep experimenting until you figure out what works best for you.

Questions About Socks

Here are answers to some of the most frequently asked questions about socks:

What are the main sock styles?

Socks are typically named for their height or after an activity. The most popular socks include running socks, boot socks, crew socks, ankle socks, dress socks, and no-show socks. Please remember, though, that sock length isn’t the same as sock type. 

How many types of socks are there?

There are six main types of socks (listed above). 

What Are Very Short Socks Called?

Ultra-short invisible socks are called no-show socks or loafer socks. Short (but not invisible) socks are called ankle socks.

What Are Calf High Socks Called?

Calf-high socks are called crew socks. Socks that go all the way to the top of your calf are called over-the-calf socks.

What kind of socks are in style?

Crew-length socks are in style. These go up to around mid-calf.

CLOSING THOUGHTS

I hope this socks guide helps you know which types of socks to wear for any situation. Remember, it’s not just about sock length but also fabric and cushioning.

The best socks for any given situation depend on your personal preferences. Most guys end up having a default sock style that they wear most days. Naturally, they’ll choose what’s most comfortable for them.

However, you’re going to need to have at least a couple of different types of socks in your arsenal. 

If you have any questions or recommendations for great sock brands, please leave a comment below!